Hardware (hardware) access internet / intranet

 
Digital Signal Processor or DSP is a type of microprocessor that is designed / specifically designed for digital signal processing (digital signal processing). This digital electronic components typically used for computers that require a response time (response time) is fast (for real-time applications).

The distinctive feature of the DSP include:

     * Used for real-time processing
     * Have an ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) on the input and DAC at the output
     * Have a performance (performance) is optimal for streaming-data
     * Use a Harvard architecture (separate program and data memory)
     * Have special instructions for processing SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data)
     * Does not require any special hardware for a multitasking operating
     * Have the ability to DMA (Direct Memory Access) when used as a host system.

All DSP operations can actually be done on common microprocessors (general-purpose microprocessor). However, the DSP has a system architecture that has been optimized to better be able to accelerate signal processing (cue). This optimization is also very important meaning in relation to costs, delivery of heat (heat emission), and the use of power (power consumption).

Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage. Today, it takes the form of integrated circuits that allow stored data to be accessed in any order with a worst case performance of constant time. Strictly speaking, modern types of DRAM are therefore not random access, as data is read in bursts, although the name DRAM / RAM has stuck. However, many types of SRAM, ROM, OTP, and NOR flash are still random access even in a strict sense. RAM is often associated with volatile types of memory (such as DRAM memory modules), where its stored information is lost if the power is removed. Many other types of non-volatile memory are RAM as well, including most types of ROM and a type of flash memory called NOR-Flash. The first RAM modules to come into the market were created in 1951 and were sold until the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Other memory devices (magnetic tapes, disks) can access the storage data only in a predetermined order, because of mechanical design limitations.

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VGA stands for Video Graphics Adapter, is an analog computer display standard first marketed by IBM in 1987. Although the VGA standard is no longer used because it has been replaced by a newer standard, VGA is implemented on the Pocket PC. VGA was the last graphical standard that is followed by the majority of computer graphics card manufacturer. Display Windows still use VGA mode because it is supported by many manufacturers of monitors and graphics cards.
The term VGA is often used to refer to the resolution of the screen size of 640 × 480, any graphics card hardware manufacturer. VGA card is useful to translate the computer output to the monitor. For the process of graphic design or playing video games, needed a high-powered graphics card. Well-known manufacturer of graphics cards including ATI and nVidia.
In addition, the VGA can also refer to 15-pin VGA connector is still used widely to deliver the analog video signal to the monitor. Standard VGA was officially superseded by IBM's XGA standard, but in fact it was replaced by a Super VGA VGA.
VGA Card function is to change the digital signal from the computer to display graphics on the screen. Card VGA (Video Graphics Adapter) allows you to translate the output (output) a computer to the monitor. To draw / design or graphics card to play game.VGA often also called Card displays, VGA card or graphics card. Place attach graphics card expansion slot is called. Chipset / processor on the VGA card, many kinds because each VGA card manufacturer has its flagship chipset. There are many chipset manufacturers such as NVidia VGA cards, 3DFX, S3, ATI, Matrox, SiS, Cirrus Logic, Number Nine (# 9), Trident, Tseng, 3D Labs, STB, OTI, and so on.
VGA card using several kinds of memory such as:
DRAM (Dynamic RAM) speed 80 ns or 70 ns, there is also the MD-RAM (Multiple Dynamic RAM) that uses multiple DRAMs. DRAM is used in many graphics cards 8, 16, or 32 bits. The use of DRAM is intended for entry-level computer level, which does not require high speed and a lot of color.
EDO RAM speed 60 ns to 35 ns, EDO RAM were encountered in 64 bit graphics card. EDO RAM is generally used to have speed 60 MHz 60/40ns. Examples of VGA cards that use EDO memory is WinFast S280/S600 3D, Diamond Stealth 3D 2000, ATI Mach 64, and so on.
VRAM (Video RAM) 20 or 10 ns speed, VRAM is more expensive than DRAM because VRAM is faster than DRAM. Use of VRAM on VGA card is intended for upper-class computer. Usually mounted on a VGA VRAM which concentrated on graphic design. Examples of VGA cards use VRAM is the Diamond Fire GL, Diamond Stealth 3D 3000 Diamond Stealth 64, and so on.
SGRAM (Synchronous Graphic RAM) speed of less than 10 ns, SGRAM on the VGA card is also based on technology SDRAM on the computer's main memory. SGRAM is widely used in high-grade graphics cards that have a 3D accelerator capabilities. An example of a VGA card that uses SGRAM is a Matrox MGA Millennium, Matrox Mystique 3D, Diamond Stealth II S220, the Diamond Viper, Explorer 3D ASUS, ATI 3D Rage II Pro, etc..
Rambus Rambus on the use of computers is still a bit VGA card (Rambus is a memory that is used in gaming machines Nintendo, Sega, so far only the production of graphics card Creative Labs (MA-302, MA-332 Graphic 3D Blaster and Graphics Blaster xXtreme) who use .
Graphic Accelerator chipsets today already incorporate 3D acceleration capabilities built in to the VGA card. In addition to the VGA card, there is now a supporter of the so-called computer pheriperal 3D accelerator. 3D accelerator function to process / translate the data / 3D images more fully. 3D accelerators whose existence does not require IRQ longer able to perform manipulations of complex 3D graphics. For example in 3D games can be shown the image of a much more realistic. Because a lot of 3D graphics processing functions formerly performed by the processor on the motherboard, now done by the 3D graphics processor on the 3D accelerator. With the division of labor is much more then the processor can perform other processing work. Additionally the programmer does not need to create 3D graphics functions, because the function is already provided by the 3D accelerator. 3D VGA chipset on the card is not as good when using a 3D accelerator as supporters (3D accelerator installed separately along with the VGA card). Even so Chipset 3D VGA cards also support the 'multiple' facilities 3D acceleration 3D accelerator. As an important note that, 3D accelerator function is optimal if the software / games that run utilizing special functions on the 3D accelerator. Software / games that support these facilities began to grow, which is already known is support for 3D accelerator with 3D FX chipset Voodoo, Rendition Verite, and Permedia 3D Labs.
PCI VGA PCI VGA, VGA card can be used to install the vga slot, VGA type has been rarely used, due to limited features, its features are part of its slot on the front there is coakan, and its type pin straight vertically , more details, see the following figure:
VGA AGP Type AGP VGA, vga agp made earlier, because of significant improvement of data transfer from memory, cpu to display equipment, so it made to install vga agp slot agp Kenis, vga agp was launched based on the value of voltage applied, that is agp 1x and 2x with a voltage 3.3 V, while the 4x and 8x 1.5 volts. The latest agp vga is the kind of pro-and pro-universal with the ability of 3.3 and 1.5 volts. The characteristics of this VGA is the form of a vertical pin her to the shape of a beehive-like formations, here is a picture vga agp and agp slots it:
VGA PCI Express PCI Express VGA, PCI slot subsequent developments have extraordinary abilities, with the name of PCI Express, designed to install cutting-edge equipment, 2 PCI Express version of the famous slot is PCI Express 1 x and 16 x, 16 x PCI Express used specifically for installing the type of PCI Express VGA, and 1x for the purposes of installing additional equipment. Physical characteristics of the pci express vga type is by looking at the shape that has a shape opposite of regular PCI. The following is a PCI Express slot and VGA:

A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs. The term sound card is also applied to external audio interfaces that use software to generate sound, as opposed to using hardware inside the PC. Typical uses of sound cards include providing the audio component for multimedia applications such as music composition, editing video or audio, presentation, education and entertainment (games) and video projection. Many computers have sound capabilities built in, while others require additional expansion cards to provide for audio capability.

Modem stands for modulator-demodulator (modulator-demodulator), which is a tool used to deliver and receive data from a pc to a other pc
  through the telephone network. Modulation demodulation can be interpreted as the change process digital signals from computers into analog signals that can be sent via telephone. receiving modem will convert analog signals into digital signals before returning for further processing by the computer (demodulation).
Modem consists of two types, namely, internal modem and external modem. Internal modem installed in the CPU, while the external modem installed outside the CPU. Thus, additional hardware modem is a device (peripberal) for computers (both types of card / internal or external.

Telephone
Modems requires telephone line to do its work process is referred to as Internet service provider or (ISP) is equal to menelephone process. Modem speed is also very influential on the telephone account to be paid every month. fast modem that will save you money rather than a slow modem.